Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, EmilFischer, wopambana wa Nobel Prize mu Chemistry mu 1901, adapanga dipeptide ya glycine kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuwulula kuti mawonekedwe enieni a peptide amapangidwa ndi mafupa a amide.Patapita chaka chimodzi, iye anapereka mawu”peptide”, zomwe zinayambitsa kafukufuku wa sayansi wa peptide.

Ma amino acid poyamba ankaonedwa kuti ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la thupi'mayamwidwe azakudya zama protein, pomwe ma peptides amangodziwika ngati kuwola kwachiwiri kwa mapuloteni.Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha sayansi ndi michere, asayansi apeza kuti mapuloteni akagayidwa ndikuwola, nthawi zambiri, ma peptide ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi 2 mpaka 3 amino acid amatengedwa mwachindunji ndi matumbo aang'ono amunthu, ndipo kuyamwa kwake kumakhala kopambana kuposa pamenepo. amino zidulo limodzi.Anthu adazindikira pang'onopang'ono kuti peptide yaying'ono ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo, ndipo ntchito yake yatenga nawo gawo m'zigawo zonse za thupi.

Peptide ndi polima wa amino acid, ndi mtundu wa pawiri pakati pa amino acid ndi mapuloteni, ndipo amakhala awiri kapena kuposa awiri amino zidulo kugwirizana wina ndi mzake kudzera peptide unyolo.Chifukwa chake, m'mawu amodzi, titha kuwona kuti peptide ndi chinthu chowola chosakwanira cha mapuloteni.

Ma peptides amapangidwa ndi ma amino acid mu dongosolo linalake lolumikizidwa ndi peptide chain.

Malinga ndi mayina ovomerezeka, idagawidwa kukhala oligopeptides, polypeptide ndi mapuloteni.

Oligopeptide imapangidwa ndi 2-9 amino acid.

Polypeptide imapangidwa ndi 10-50 amino acid.

Mapuloteni ndi peptide yochokera ku ma amino acid opitilira 50.

Zinali lingaliro lakuti pamene mapuloteni adalowa m'thupi, ndipo pansi pa machitidwe a mndandanda wa michere ya m'mimba m'matumbo a m'mimba amatha kugawanika kukhala polypeptide, oligopeptide, ndipo pamapeto pake amawonongeka kukhala ma amino acid aulere, ndipo kuyamwa kwa thupi kukhala mapuloteni kungakhale kokha. zachitika mu mawonekedwe a amino zidulo ufulu.

Ndi kukula mofulumira sayansi sayansi ndi michere, asayansi apeza kuti oligopeptide akhoza kwathunthu odzipereka ndi intestine, ndipo pang'onopang'ono analandira anthu monga oligopeptide mtundu I ndi zonyamulira mtundu II anali bwinobwino cloned.

Kafukufuku wasayansi wapeza kuti oligopeptide ili ndi njira yapadera yoyamwitsa:

1. Mayamwidwe mwachindunji popanda chimbudzi.Lili ndi filimu yoteteza pamwamba pake, yomwe siidzagonjetsedwa ndi enzymatic hydrolysis ndi ma enzymes mu dongosolo la m'mimba mwa munthu, ndipo imalowa mwachindunji m'matumbo aang'ono mu mawonekedwe athunthu ndipo imatengedwa ndi matumbo aang'ono.

2. Mayamwidwe mwachangu.Popanda zinyalala kapena ndowe, ndi kukonza kwa kuonongeka maselo.

3. Monga mlatho wonyamulira.Kusamutsa mitundu yonse ya zakudya ku maselo, ziwalo ndi mabungwe m'thupi.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri monga chithandizo chamankhwala, chakudya ndi zodzoladzola ndi kuyamwa kwake kosavuta, michere yambiri komanso momwe thupi limakhalira, lomwe limakhala malo otentha kwambiri m'munda wapamwamba kwambiri.Peptide yaying'ono ya molekyulu yadziwika ndi National Doping Control Analysis Organisation ngati chinthu chotetezeka kwa othamanga kuti agwiritse ntchito, ndipo People's Liberation Army Eighth One Industrial Brigade ikutenga ma peptides ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu.Ma peptide ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu adalowa m'malo mwa mipiringidzo yamagetsi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi othamanga m'mbuyomu.Pambuyo pa maphunziro a mpikisano wothamanga kwambiri, kumwa kapu ya ma peptides ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu ndibwino kuti mubwezeretse thupi komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino kusiyana ndi mipiringidzo yamagetsi.Makamaka kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi mafupa, ntchito yokonza ma peptides ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu ndi yosasinthika.